This episode draws from our 2015 Nature study, “Sequential cancer mutations in cultured human intestinal stem cells,” showing how sequential CRISPR modification of APC, TP53, KRAS, and SMAD4 in human intestinal organoids reconstructs colorectal tumour evolution, culminating in growth-factor independence, extensive aneuploidy, and invasive tumour formation in vivo.
DISCLAIMER: AI-generated voiceovers are used in this episode for consistency, but all content is thoroughly reviewed and validated by our human scientific experts to maintain scientific accuracy and nuance.
